Image format guide

What each format is for, where it shines, where it hurts — and how to convert out of it when it gets in your way.

JPEG

1992

The universal photo format. Small files, opens everywhere, no transparency.

PNG

1996

Lossless with full transparency. The standard for screenshots, logos and UI graphics.

WebP

2010

Google's web format: ~30% smaller than JPEG, supports transparency and animation.

AVIF

2019

The best compression available in browsers today — often half the size of JPEG.

JPEG XL

2021

The designated JPEG successor: superb quality, lossless JPEG recompression, HDR.

QOI

2021

A tiny, blazing-fast lossless format loved by game developers.

GIF

1987

The ancient animation format. 256 colors, universally supported, huge files.

BMP

1990

Uncompressed Windows bitmaps. Huge files — almost always worth converting.

TIFF

1986

The professional print and scanning format. High quality, very large, not web-viewable.

ICO

1985

The favicon and Windows icon container format.

HEIC

2015

The iPhone photo format. Half the size of JPEG — until you try to open it anywhere else.

SVG

2001

Vector graphics — infinitely scalable. Rasterize to PNG/JPEG for apps that need pixels.

PSD

1990

Photoshop working files. Convert the flattened image to PNG or JPEG for sharing.

TGA

1984

A retro format that lives on in game modding and 3D texture pipelines.

EXR

2003

Hollywood’s HDR format for VFX renders. Tone-map to PNG/JPEG for viewing.

CR2

2004

Canon DSLR RAW files. Convert to JPEG to share, keep the RAW as your negative.

NEF

1999

Nikon RAW files. Develop to JPEG or PNG right in your browser.

ARW

2006

Sony Alpha RAW files. Convert to JPEG without installing anything.

DNG

2004

The standardized RAW format used by Adobe, Leica, and phone “Pro” camera modes.